电磁发射的出口速度及负载质量变化对导轨热量的影响

为分析不同发射出口速度、不同发射负载质量对导轨积累热量的影响,建立了导轨温度场模型,计算了导轨各点温度变化过程,并和光纤光栅温度传感器测量结果对比,验证了模型及测量结果的正确性。在此基础上,设计并进行了三种类型实验,分析了在不同发射速度、不同发射负载质量以及相同发射能级不同发射速度下的导轨热量积累差异。该结论为确定连发间隔、导轨冷却设计提供了有效参考。     

非线性压电振动能量俘获行为建模及其不同参数影响机理研究

如何利用非线性特性来改善压电振动能量捕获性能是工程实际中需要解决的一个问题,为此建立了非线性压电振动能量捕获行为的数学模型,利用定积分法推导了该模型的数值计算方法,并针对不同参数对非线性压电振子输出电能的影响特性进行了数值仿真,结果表明:减小非线性阻尼、增大非线性压电耦合系数均有利于提高非线性压电振动能量俘获的性能;减小非线性刚度能提高低频振动能量俘获的输出,但减小了共振带宽。     

INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ON THE ROAD TO NUCLEAR ZERO

The disappointingly slow pace of progress on efforts to prevent proliferation, reduce nuclear weapons, and eliminate nuclear risks has many causes. The factor that might be easiest for individuals in the arms control and nonproliferation community to change stems from their own ambivalence about major questions that must be addressed on the road to reducing the number of nuclear weapons in the world to zero. This essay explores how ambivalence about four key issues—strategic stability, alliance relations, institution-building, and nuclear energy—often leads community members to take positions that play well at home and within their like-minded group but raise unintended impediments to achieving their own long-term goals. The author suggests alternative ways to handle these questions to improve the prospects for domestic and international agreement on practical measures that would eliminate, not perpetuate, nuclear risks.     

TURKEY AND MULTILATERAL NUCLEAR APPROACHES IN THE MIDDLE EAST

As many states in the Middle East are considering whether to embark on nuclear power programs, there is an urgent need to develop confidence-building measures to reassure states in the region that the programs are peaceful. One possible path would be to consider multilateral approaches to the fuel cycle in order to foster nuclear cooperation between states in the region, instead of each state going it alone, which would likely increase suspicions and the risk of a cascade of nuclear proliferation. With its policy of “zero problems with neighbors,” strategic connection to the West, and long-standing experience in the nuclear field, Turkey would be well-placed to take the lead on such a nuclear confidence-building agenda. Over time and under the right political conditions, Turkey could initiate or participate in measures including cooperation on nuclear education, safety and security, research and development, and joint fuel cycle facilities such as a regional fuel fabrication center.     

装药长径比对EFP成型作用效果影响分析

针对装药长径比对EFP成型的影响,基于一种球缺型药型罩EFP,利用ANSYS／LS-DYNA仿真软件对其成型过程进行建模仿真,研究EFP成型过程及其各项参数．在该基础上,改变装药高度得到不同的装药长径比数据,并对不同长径比EFP形成过程进行仿真,得到不同装药长径比EFP的速度、速度增长率及炸药能量利用率等数据,为选择最佳装药长径比提供依据．     

微型波力发电装置的捕浪器研究

针对漂浮式微型波力发电装置,根据弗汝德·克雷洛夫假定法对几种常用形状浮子所受波浪力的大小进行了计算,得出垂直圆柱形浮子吸收波浪能效果最佳的结论;运用装置和浮子共振时吸收能量最大的原理,对垂直圆柱形浮子的基本参数进行了研究,为漂浮式微型波力发电装置捕浪器浮子的设计打下了基础。     

Tuning the reactivity of Al–Ni by fine coating of halogen-containing energetic composites

In this paper, various core-shell structured Al–Ni@ECs composites have been prepared by a spray-drying technique. The involved ECs refer to the energetic composites (ECs) of ammonium perchlorate/nitrocellulose (AP/NC, NA) and polyvinylidene fluoride/hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (PVDF/CL-20, PC). Two Al–Ni mixtures were prepared at atomic ratios of 1:1 and 1:3 and named as Al/Ni and Al/3Ni, respectively. The thermal reactivity and combustion behaviors of Al–Ni@ECs composites have been comprehensively investigated. Results showed that the reactivity and combustion performance of Al–Ni could be enhanced by introducing both NA and PC energetic composites. Among which the Al/Ni@NA composite exhibited higher reactivity and improved combustion performance. The measured flame propagation rate (v = 20.6 mm/s), average combustion wave temperature (T_max = 1567.0 °C) and maximum temperature rise rate (γ_t = 1633.6 °C/s) of Al/Ni@NA are higher than that of the Al/Ni (v = 15.8 mm/s, T_max = 858.0 °C, and γ_t = 143.5 °C/s). The enhancement in combustion properties could be due to presence of the acidic gaseous products from ECs, which could etch the Al₂O₃ shell on the surface of Al particles, and make the inner active Al to be easier transported, so that an intimate and faster intermetallic reaction between Al and Ni would be realized. Furthermore, the morphologies and chemical compositions of the condensed combustion products (CCPs) of Al–Ni@ECs composites were found to be different depending on the types of ECs. The compositions of CCPs are dominated with the Al–Ni intermetallics, combining with a trace amount of Al₅O₆N and Al₂O₃.     

Novel aluminum-based fuel: Facile preparation to improve thermal reactions

To improve the thermal properties of aluminum (Al) in the energetic system, a coated structure with ammonium perchlorate (AP) was prepared by a facile approach. And N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was chosen as an ideal solvent based on heterogeneous nucleation theory and molecular dynamics simulation. This coated structure could enlarge the contact area and improve the reaction environment to enhance the thermal properties. The addition of AP could accelerate oxidation temperature of Al with around 17.5 °C. And the heat release of 85@15 composition rises to 26.13 kJ/g and the reaction degree is 97.6% with higher peak pressure (254.6 kPa) and rise rate (1.397 MPa/s). An ideal ratio with 15 wt% AP was probed primarily. The high energy laser-induced shockwave experiment was utilized to simulate the reaction behavior in hot field. And the larger activated mixture of coated powder could release more energy to promote the growth of shockwave with higher speed up to 518.7 ± 55.9 m/s. In conclusion, 85@15 composition is expected to be applied in energetic system as a novel metal fuel.     

最小自由能法计算烟火药剂热值

烟火药剂的热值计算在烟火研究领域有着重要的作用．本文根据最小自由能原理,通过一系列基本假设计算出了体系燃烧爆炸反应后的热值,计算结果与实验衡量数据相吻合,并且程序可通过进一步完善,扩展应用于非理想气体,提高计算精度．     

Generation and storage dispatch in electricity networks with generator disruptions

We present methods for optimizing generation and storage decisions in an electricity network with multiple unreliable generators, each colocated with one energy storage unit (e.g., battery), and multiple loads under power flow constraints. Our model chooses the amount of energy produced by each generator and the amount of energy stored in each battery in every time period in order to minimize power generation and storage costs when each generator faces stochastic Markovian supply disruptions. This problem cannot be optimized easily using stochastic programming and/or dynamic programming approaches. Therefore, in this study, we present several heuristic methods to find an approximate optimal solution for this system. Each heuristic involves decomposing the network into several single‐generator, single‐battery, multiload systems and solving them optimally using dynamic programming, then obtaining a solution for the original problem by recombining. We discuss the computational performance of the proposed heuristics as well as insights gained from the models. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 493–511, 2015